White feast

Vlasi (mountain shepherds) from Eastern Serbia have a very interesting ritual from the cult of the dead, which is performed on Pentecost, for people who died before Easter...

The preparation for the ritual starts on Easter. A virgin girl from the family of the deceased person is tasked with going every morning to the well and fetching water in two jugs, like this one...

These jugs with water are brought home blessed and dedicated to the the deceased with the words "This water is for the deceased...so and so". The jugs are then placed outside of the house next to the house door...

On the day of Pentecost, a special "white" feast (only white food and drink are served) is prepared for the family and friends of the deceased, who come to witness the ritual...

Ritual begins before sunrise. Three women light a candle each. Then, after they bow towards the rising sun, they kneel, kiss the ground, and exclaim this prayer: I pray that the deceased, so and so, is let into the light (sunny) place...

Then the three women drink the water from three glasses and eat some of the white food laid on three plates...The feast then starts and lasts until the sunset...

When the sun sets, the virgin girl that gathered the water from the well, brings some water to all the other houses in the village. The last jug is brought back to the well from which the water is taken and is poured back into the well...

This is really cool on so many levels. 

First I love the fact that the women pray to the sun to let the deceased "into the light place"...Does this mean "let him return, be reborn"? Is this sunny, bright place, our world, the world of living?

Second, why is all that water gathered for the deceased? Well, did you know that in Serbia people believed that droughts could be caused by the angry thirsty ancestors who didn't receive their water libations? I talked about this in my post "Thirst"....

In Serbia, for 40 days after the burial, the family of the deceased used to take water from their well to 40 different houses, different house each day, "for the soul"...

In Stip, Macedonia there is a curse  "May no one bring water for him for the other world"...Some curse...

This belief that "the otherworld was a thirsty place" was widespread and ancient. And was probably the reason why we find "empty" vessels in graves since Neolithic...Were they actually placed into the graves full of water (for the road) which evaporated? I talked about this in my post "One for the road"...

Another interesting thing about this ritual is that all the food and drink had to be white? Why? Is it because white was the color of death? Or because white was the color of light? Not sure what to think here...

Finally the whole water gathering ritual is seriously cool. The water is gathered by "a virgin girl". A girl who had her first period. Whose "water of life has started to flow". Who is full of "life force". But who has not used any of this life force for producing new life yet...

Water is gathered from a spring. Spring water is in Serbia called "živa voda" (live water, water of life) and is believed to have magical properties. It is believed that it can even bring the dead back to life...

The spring water is the menstrual blood of the mother earth...And it is literally "water of life". The water for the ritual is collected during spring time...From virgin Mother Earth...Full of life force, which she still hasn't used this producing new life (crops) yet...

This link between virgin girls, virgin spring earth, water, life and rebirth is what I talked about in my post "Willow in Slavic folklore"

So where's willow here? Well, willow was in the Balkans often planted on graveyards...I didn't understand why, until now...Willow, water, always thirsty dead??? Did people believe that willows attract water? I know they used willow branches for finding water...

Also, in some parts of the Balkans, Ohrid, Macedonia for instance, in the jugs of water "for the dead" which was brought to the graveyard on Pentecost, people always put a green willow twig...

It is interesting that willow, used in fertility rituals, was also used in ancestral, cult of the dead, rituals...Not surprising though...Serbs believed that all the good that comes to them is sent to them by the dead...Their dead ancestors...The thirsty ones...

In return for regular mention, food and drink...I talked about this in my posts "Diduch", "Thirst", "Blood red wine", "Wolf feast", "Tombstones"...

Sources (Serbian)

Vlah custom description: "Namenjivanje za dušu (daće, pomane)" (Offerings "for the soul") - Mira Stevanović

Willow in the cult of the dead: "Rečnik srpskih narodnih verovanja o biljkama" (Dictionary of Serbian folk beliefs about plants) - Veselin Čajkanović

Pan

Bačije (summer highland shepherd settlement) Koželj region, Timočka Krajina, Eastern Serbia. People in the background are cooking food or boiling milk. The interesting bit is the shepherd on the right in his sheep fleece trousers...

This is a detail of the fresco called "The birth of Jesus" (dated to 1346) from the Serbian monastery Pećka patrijaršija lokated in Kosovo. The old shepherd in the fresco also wears fleece trousers. 

The strange sheep on the fresco are "Racka" (meaning Serbian) sheep. I wrote about this strange sheep in my post "Racka sheep".

Now meet Pan, Ancient Greek god of the wild, shepherds, flocks, nature of mountain wilds... Is it possible that the "goat legs" of Pan were not originally not goat legs at all, but highland shepherd fleece trousers, misinterpreted by coastal Greeks to be goat legs? 

After all in Greece the worship of Pan began in Arcadia which was always the principal seat of his worship. Arcadia was a district of mountain people, culturally separated from other Greeks.  

Shepherd deity, the protector of flocks would be imagined by shepherds like a shepherd, dressed the way shepherds dress, which includes the fleece trousers. 

If you didn't know what you were looking at, you could be forgiven for thinking that you were looking at a man with goat legs when you saw one of these highland shepherds for the first time in a distance...And this is how myths are made... 

Jarba fjeruluj

Jarba fjeruluj (Iron plant) is a  type of amulet made by Vlah shepherds from the Carpathian Mountains in Eastern Serbia. It is said to protect a man from "anything that flashes like lightning or booms like a thunder" (any blade weapon or firearm).

Making the Iron Plant is the only magical ritual in the Vlah magic which was performed by men.

This amulet can only be made on St George's night by the man who will wear it. It can't be bought or sold. Pic: ritual fist milking of sheep which takes place on St George's day. More about shepherd's rituals performed on St Georges day can be found in my post "Aries must die".

The amulet consists of two parts. A small box like this one.

 This box has to be made from Oskoruša (Sorbus domestica) wood (type of rowan).

Inside of the box the man places a single "male" (red) hazel flower. In Serbia people believe that hazel produces male (red) and female (pink) flowers.

In Serbia people believed that "thunder never strikes hazel tree", hazel being a holy tree.

Shepherds used to tie hazel twigs around their waists to protect themselves during thunderstorms

But this hazel flower had to be obtained in a special way:

The amulet protects its owner against "anything that flashes like lightning or booms like a thunder" if it's kept next to the body. In extreme danger, the amulet box can be opened and pointed towards the danger for extra protection

The amulet loses its power if a crime is committed while wearing it, if it's brought into a church or if it's worn during sex

At the end of the owner's life, the amulet is passed on to his son

Source: "Vlaška magija" by Jasna Jojić